Best options for the exposure of traditional and innovative moss bags: A systematic evaluation in three European countries

被引:64
作者
Capozzi, F. [1 ]
Giordano, S. [1 ]
Aboal, J. R. [2 ]
Adamo, P. [3 ]
Bargagli, R. [4 ]
Boquete, T. [2 ]
Di Palma, A. [3 ]
Real, C. [2 ]
Reski, R. [5 ,6 ]
Spagnuolo, V. [1 ]
Steinbauer, K. [7 ,8 ]
Tretiach, M. [9 ]
Varela, Z. [10 ]
Zechmeister, H. [11 ]
Fernandez, J. A. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Biol, Campus Monte S Angelo,Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
[2] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Biol, Dept Cellular Biol & Ecol, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain
[3] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Agr, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
[4] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Fis Terra & Ambiente, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[5] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, Plant Biotechnol, Schaenzlestr 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
[6] BIOSS Ctr Biol Signalling Studies, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
[7] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Interdisciplinary Mt Res, GLORIA Coordinat, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
[8] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci Vienna, Ctr Global Change & Sustainabil, Vienna, Austria
[9] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Vita, Via L Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[10] BIOVIA Consultor Ambiental, Edificio Emprendia,Campus Vida, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain
[11] Univ Vienna, Dept Bot & Biodivers Res, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
关键词
Active biomonitoring; Air pollution; Moss uptake; Trace elements; Mossphere; Pseudoscleropodium purum; ATMOSPHERIC METAL POLLUTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE TRACE-ELEMENTS; METHODOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; SYNTHETIC MATERIALS; PARTICULATE MATTER; URBAN AREAS; DEPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; LICHEN;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.043
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
To develop an internationally standardized protocol for the moss bag technique application, the research team participating in the FP7 European project "MOSSclone" focused on the optimization of the moss bags exposure in terms of bag characteristics (shape of the bags, mesh size, weight/surface ratio), duration and height of exposure by comparing traditional moss bags to a new concept bag, "Mossphere". In particular, the effects of each variable on the metal uptake from the air were evaluated by a systematic experimental design carried out in urban, industrial, agricultural and background areas of three European countries with oceanic, Mediterranean and continental climate. The results evidenced that the shape, the mesh size of the bags and the exposure height (in the tested ranges), did not significantly influence the uptake capacity of the transplanted moss. The aspects more affecting the element uptake were represented by the density of the moss inside the bags and the relative ratio between its weight and the surface area of the bag. We found that, the lower the density, the higher the uptake recorded. Moreover, three weeks of exposure were not enough to have a consistent uptake signal in all the environments tested, thus we suggest an exposure period not shorter than 6 weeks, which is appropriate in most situations. The above results were confirmed in all the countries and scenarios tested. The adoption of a shared exposure protocol by the research community is strongly recommended since it is a key aspect to make biomonitoring surveys directly comparable, also in view of its recognition as a monitoring method by the EU legislation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:362 / 373
页数:12
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