Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems

被引:0
|
作者
Ellison, AM
Bank, MS
Clinton, BD
Colburn, EA
Elliott, K
Ford, CR
Foster, DR
Kloeppel, BD
Knoepp, JD
Lovett, GM
Mohan, J
Orwig, DA
Rodenhouse, NL
Sobczak, WV
Stinson, KA
Stone, JK
Swan, CM
Thompson, J
Von Holle, B
Webster, JR
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA
[2] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA
[3] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[4] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
[5] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA
[6] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA
[7] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[8] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
[9] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00931 USA
[10] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0479:LOFSCF]2.0.CO;2
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
In many forested ecosystems, the architecture and functional ecology of certain tree species define forest structure and their species-specific traits control ecosystem dynamics. Such foundation tree species are declining throughout the world due to introductions and outbreaks of pests and pathogens, selective removal of individual taxa, and over-harvesting. Through a series of case studies, we show that the loss of foundation tree species changes the local environment on which a variety of other species depend; how this disrupts fundamental ecosystem processes, including rates of decomposition, nutrient fluxes, carbon sequestration, and energy flow; and dramatically alters the dynamics of associated aquatic ecosystems. Forests in which dynamics are controlled by one or a few foundation species appear to be dominated by a small number of strong interactions and may be highly susceptible to alternating between stable states following even small perturbations. The ongoing decline of many foundation species provides a set of important, albeit unfortunate, opportunities to develop the research tools, models, and metrics needed to identify foundation species, anticipate the cascade of immediate, short- and long-term changes in ecosystem structure and function that will follow from their loss, and provide options for remedial conservation and management.
引用
收藏
页码:479 / 486
页数:8
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