A positive or a negative confounding variable? A simple teaching aid for clinicians and students

被引：83

作者：

Mehio-Sibai, A ^{[1
]}

Feinleib, M

Sibai, TA

Armenian, HK

机构：

[1] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon

[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[3] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Med, Beirut, Lebanon

来源：

ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2005年 / 15卷 / 06期

关键词：

positive confounding; negative confounding; bias; teaching aid;

D O I：

10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.10.004

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

Anticipating the direction of a confounding variable can be problematic especially to introductory students. Using elementary rules of mathematics, we describe below a simple instructional tool for deriving the direction of confounding bias. The tool is illustrated with examples and a heuristic mathematical justification is also described.

引用

页码：421 / 423

页数：3