The prevalence and determinants of glaucoma among 40 years and older Saudi residents in the Riyadh Governorate (except the Capital) - A community based survey

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of glaucoma and its determinants among adult Saudi Residents aged 40 years and older in the Riyadh Governorate (except the Capital). Methods: A cluster-based sample of randomly selected citizens from six primary health center catchment areas were examined between 2014 and 2015. Data were collected on their glaucoma management. Assessment included measurement of intraocular pressure, optic nerve head evaluation and gonioscopy. Glaucoma suspects were referred for visual field testing. Result: A total of 940 citizens were examined and 124 had glaucoma. The prevalence of glaucoma was 5.6% [95% Confidence interval (CI): 5.43-5.75] with an estimated 3758 cases of glaucoma in study area. Males had a significantly higher prevalence (7.62%) than females (3.48%). Glaucoma was not significantly associated to diabetes [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; (95% CI: 0.8-1.7); P = 0.5]. The variation in the prevalence of glaucoma by age group was not significant (P = 0.2). Open angle of anterior chamber was in 78% of glaucoma cases. The coverage of glaucoma management was 27.8%. Among known glaucoma patients were 69% were treatment-complaint. Of 124 glaucoma patients, 29 (23.5%) were aware of their diagnosis. Mild and moderate visual impairment was in 67% and 8 (6.5%) glaucoma patients while one (0.8%) patient was bilateral blind. Conclusion: The prevalence of glaucoma was high. Identified determinants should be noted and accordingly a public health approach for early detection and adequate management is recommended.