Communities' Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Variability in Ethiopia

被引：39

作者：

Abeje, Misganaw Teshager ^{[1
,2
]}

Tsunekawa, Atsushi ^{[3
]}

Haregeweyn, Nigussie ^{[4
]}

Nigussie, Zerihun ^{[3
,5
]}

Adgo, Enyew ^{[5
]}

Ayalew, Zemen ^{[5
]}

Tsubo, Mitsuru ^{[3
]}

Elias, Asres ^{[6
]}

Berihun, Daregot ^{[7
]}

Quandt, Amy ^{[8
]}

Berihun, Mulatu Liyew ^{[1
,9
]}

Masunaga, Tsugiyuki ^{[10
]}

机构：

[1] Tottori Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 6808553, Japan

[2] Bahir Dar Univ, Inst Disaster Risk Management & Food Secur Studie, POB 79, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia

[3] Tottori Univ, Arid Land Res Ctr, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 6800001, Japan

[4] Tottori Univ, Int Platform Dryland Res & Educ, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 6800001, Japan

[5] Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Bahir Dar 5501, Ethiopia

[6] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 6808550, Japan

[7] Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Business & Econ, POB 79, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia

[8] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[9] Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Water Resource Engn, POB 26, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia

[10] Shimane Univ, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Matsue, Shimane 6900823, Japan

来源：

SUSTAINABILITY | 2019年 / 11卷 / 22期

基金：

日本科学技术振兴机构;

关键词：

climate change; drought; livelihood vulnerability; Shannon-entropy index; FOOD SECURITY; SMALLHOLDER; ADAPTATION; HOUSEHOLDS; HIGHLANDS; DROUGHT; STRATEGIES; RESPONSES; DISTRICT; RAINFALL;

D O I：

10.3390/su11226302

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Ethiopia has experienced more than 10 major drought episodes since the 1970s. Evidence has shown that climate change exacerbates the situation and presents a daunting challenge to predominantly rain-fed agricultural livelihoods. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent and sources of smallholder famers' livelihood vulnerability to climate change/variability in the Upper Blue Nile basin. We conducted a household survey (n = 391) across three distinct agroecological communities and a formative composite index of livelihood vulnerability (LVI) was constructed. The Mann-Kendall test and the standard precipitation index (SPI) were employed to analyze trends of rainfall, temperature, and drought prevalence for the period from 1982 to 2016. The communities across watersheds showed a relative difference in the overall livelihood vulnerability index. Aba Gerima (midland) was found to be more vulnerable, with a score of 0.37, while Guder (highland) had a relatively lower LVI with a 0.34 index score. Given similar exposure to climate variability and drought episodes, communities' livelihood vulnerability was mainly attributed to their low adaptive capacity and higher sensitivity indicators. Adaptive capacity was largely constrained by a lack of participation in community-based organizations and a lack of income diversification. This study will have practical implications for policy development in heterogeneous agroecological regions for sustainable livelihood development and climate change adaptation programs.

引用

页数：22

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