Successful closure of a rectovaginal fistula by using an endoscopically placed Resolution clip

Background: Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is an abnormal epithelium-lined communication between the wall of the rectum and the posterior vaginal wall. The incidence of RVFs is low and accounts for about 5% of all anorectal fistulas. Women who suffer from an RVF complain of uncontrollable passage of gas or feces from the vagina. This remains a major contributor to morbidity associated with this condition in terms of social, psychologic, and sexual dysfunction. Objective: RVFs may be managed both medically and surgically, with the latter being the preferred option. A number of different surgical techniques that pertain to fistula closure were described in various literature; however, very little has been said of much-less-invasive techniques and alternatives to surgical correction if the patient is a poor candidate or prefers not to have surgery. The purpose of our article is to show our approach in treating an RVF, given the fact that our patient was a poor surgical candidate and, moreover, refused more-invasive techniques for treatment. Design: A case report. The patient described in this article is a 77-year-old woman with comorbidities that limited her as a candidate for less-invasive techniques rather than surgery. Setting: An inpatient at New York Hospital Queens, Flushing, New York. Patient: A 77-year-old woman, with a medical history of 2 myocardial infarctions, congestive heart failure, 2 cardiac stents, multiple urinary-tract infections, and diverticulitis, presented to the hospital with a fever of 38.3 degrees C (101 degrees F) for 2 days. On the second day of admission, the patient complained of passing stool and flatus from the vagina. A subsequent workup and sigmoidoscopy revealed an RVF. Intervention: A sigmoidoscopy was performed, and fistula closure was achieved in 2 phases with the use of a Resolution clip. Main Outcome Measurements: Complications and resolution of symptoms after the procedure were the primary end points. Results: No complications were noted post procedure, and the patient has remained free of any complaints now for 12 months. Limitations: The main limitation of the study is that this is a case report limited to a single patient, and outcomes of the procedure were concluded based on this particular patient. The endoscopic technique described here may be limited to readily visualized fistulas at endoscopy that are amenable to this treatment option. Conclusions: The technique described, closing an RVF with the use of an endoscopically placed Resolution clip, shows great promise and could be applied to treating uncomplicated fistulas.