UNDERSTANDING KEY MECHANISMS OF EXERCISE-INDUCED CARDIAC PROTECTION TO MITIGATE DISEASE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND EMERGING CONCEPTS

被引:131
作者
Bernardo, Bianca C.
Ooi, Jenny Y. Y.
Weeks, Kate L.
Patterson, Natalie L.
McMullen, Julie R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, POB 6492, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
GROWTH-FACTOR-I; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; PROTEIN O-GLCNACYLATION; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM; LEFT-VENTRICULAR FUNCTION; SHORT-TERM EXERCISE; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE P110-ALPHA; IMPROVES MYOCARDIAL TOLERANCE;
D O I
10.1152/physrev.00043.2016
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
引用
收藏
页码:419 / 475
页数:57
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