Maximizing CO2 biofixation and lipid productivity of oleaginous microalga Graesiella sp WBG-1 via CO2-regulated pH in indoor and outdoor open reactors

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH are two interdependent factors that greatly impact the growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae. However, the effects of these two factors are usually studied separately. The use of exogenous CO2, such as flue gas derived, to regulate pH in the large-scale cultivation of microalgae provides an ideal means for combining CO2 biofixation and biodiesel production. In this study, the CO2 biofixation and lipid production of oleaginous microalga Graesiella sp. WBG(-1) was explored for four pH levels regulated by exogenous 15% CO2 (flue gas concentration) in 10 L circular culture ponds and 5 m(2) open raceway reactors. Results revealed that pH 8.0-9.0 was the optimum pH for CO2 fixation and lipid production, attaining the highest CO2 fixation rates of 0.26 g L-1 day(-1) and 18.9 g m(-2) day(-1), respectively, lipid contents of 46.28% and 32.38%, and lipid productivities of 64.8 mg L-1 day(-1) and 3.14 g m(-2) day(-1). A positive correlation between CO2 utilization efficiency and pH in open reactors was also suggested in this research, and thus provides direction for screening of CO2 fixation by microalgae. The present study provides an excellent strategy for coupling CO2 fixation and lipid production via microalgae in large-scale cultivation. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.