THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON VARIOUS FIELD CROPS SEEDS GERMINATION

The quality control of the biological material is done systematically through analyses: genetic, physical, physiological and the sanitary conditions, as well as regarding to respect the quality parameters standards. Depending on testing results, the seeds are or not accepted for sowing. The influence of environmental factors on seeds germination for sowing is very important. The temperature influences the activity of involved enzymes in seeds germination metabolism. The minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures differ from one species to another, so this must be taken into account when it is organizing the seeds sowing. The purpose of this paper is to present results of the temperature influence on the seeds germination for sowing, for 10 field crops species, as follows: Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum distichon, Zea mays conv. dentiformis, Zea mays conv. sacharata, Sorghum bicolor var. eusorghum, Brassica napus spp. oleifera. Helianthus annuus, Lupinus albus and Cicer arietinum, from the profile market. The influence of temperature on the germination process showed that there were normal seedlings, which are taken into account to express germination, but there were also abnormal seedlings or dead seeds (that did not germinate). Thus, at exposure for one hour at temperature of 40 degrees C, for the species such as: Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum distichon, Brassica napus ssp. oleifera, germination was reduced with 10-25%. In the experiment with exposure for one hour at temperature of -7 degrees C, the species such as: Helianthus annuus or Lupinus albus, completely lost their ability to germinate.