Impact of Fuel Quality Regulation and Speed Reductions on Shipping Emissions: Implications for Climate and Air Quality

被引：111

作者：

Lack, Daniel A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cappa, Christopher D. ^{[3
]}

Langridge, Justin ^{[1
,2
]}

Bahreini, Roya ^{[1
,2
]}

Buffaloe, Gina ^{[3
]}

Brock, Charles ^{[1
]}

Cerully, Kate ^{[4
]}

Coffman, Derek ^{[5
]}

Hayden, Katherine ^{[6
]}

Holloway, John ^{[1
]}

Lerner, Brian ^{[1
,2
]}

Massoli, Paola ^{[7
]}

Li, Shao-Meng ^{[6
]}

McLaren, Robert ^{[8
]}

Middlebrook, Ann M. ^{[1
]}

Moore, Richard ^{[4
]}

Nenes, Athanasios ^{[4
]}

Nuaaman, Ibraheem ^{[6
,8
]}

Onasch, Timothy B. ^{[7
]}

Peischl, Jeff ^{[1
,2
]}

Perring, Anne ^{[1
,2
]}

Quinn, Patricia K. ^{[5
]}

Ryerson, Tom ^{[1
]}

Schwartz, Joshua P. ^{[1
,2
]}

Spackman, Ryan ^{[1
,2
]}

Wofsy, Steven C.

Worsnop, Doug ^{[7
]}

Xiang, Bin ^{[9
]}

Williams, Eric ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA

[2] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[3] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[4] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[5] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA

[6] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada

[7] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA

[8] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada

[9] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2011年 / 45卷 / 20期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; SHIPS; PARAMETER; PARTICLES;

D O I：

10.1021/es2013424

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Atmospheric emissions of gas and particulate matter from a large ocean-going container vessel were sampled as it slowed and switched from high-sulfur to low-sulfur fuel as it transited into regulated coastal waters of California. Reduction in emission factors (EFs) of sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter, particulate sulfate and cloud condensation nuclei were substantial (>= 90%). EFs for particulate organic matter decreased by 70%. Black carbon (BC) EFs were reduced by 41%. When the measured emission reductions, brought about by compliance with the California fuel quality regulation and participation in the vessel speed reduction (VSR) program, are placed in a broader context, warming from reductions in the indirect effect of SO4 would dominate any radiative changes due to the emissions changes. Within regulated waters absolute emission reductions exceed 88% for almost all measured gas and particle phase species. The analysis presented provides direct estimations of the emissions reductions that can be realized by California fuel quality regulation and VSR program, in addition to providing new information relevant to potential health and climate impact of reduced fuel sulfur content, fuel quality and vessel speed reductions.

引用

页码：9052 / 9060

页数：9

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