Long time reliability study of soldered flip chips on flexible substrates

Due to the requirements of new light, mobile, small and multifunctional electronic products the density of electronic packages continues to increase. Especially in medical electronics like pace makers the minimisation of the whole product size is an important factor. So flip chip technology becomes more and more attractive to reduce the height of an electronic package. At the same time the use of flexible and foldable substrates offers the possibility to create complex electronic devices with a very high density. In terms of human health the reliability of electronic products in medical applications has top priority. In this work flip chip interconnections to a flexible substrate are studied with regard to long time reliability. Test chips and substrates have been designed to give the possibility for electrical measurements. Solder was applied using conventional stencil printing method. The flip chip contacts on flexible substrates were created in a reflow process and underfilled subsequently. The assemblies have been tested according to JEDEC level 3. The focus in this paper is the long time reliability up to 10,000 It in thermal ageing at 125 degreesC and temperature/humidity testing at 85 degreesC/85% relative humidity as well as thermal cycling (0 degreesC/+100 degreesC) up to 5000 cycles. Daisy chain and four point Kelvin resistances have been measured to characterise the interconnections and monitor degradation effects. The failures have been analysed in terms of metallurgical investigations of formation and growing of intermetallic phases between underbump metallisation, solder bumps and conductor lines. CSAM was used to detect delaminations at the interfaces underfiller/chip and underfiller/substrate respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.