Osteotomy close to the knee joint in adults

Osteotomy close to the knee joint in cases of axial deformities or in the context of corrective interventions is still an elementary component of the spectrum of orthopedic surgery. The precise localization and analysis of the pathology are crucial in order to restore approximate physiological loading conditions by means of a suitable osteotomy procedure. Thus, above all, the medial open-wedge tibial osteotomy has become established as a standard procedure for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis caused by extra-articular tibial varus deformity. Furthermore, corrective osteotomy of the sagittal axis of the tibia and of the distal femur also show good long-term results when the indications are correctly interpreted. The osteotomies described in this article are corrections that should be performed after careful consideration of the biological and mechanical aspects. Correct planning, attention to risk factors and the surgical technique are the main factors that determine the long-term success of the procedure.