NF-kappa B expression in resected specimen of colonic cancer is higher compared to its expression in inflammatory bowel diseases and polyps

NF-Kappa B has a significant role in inflammatory processes as well as in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of NF-kappa B in colonic adenocarcinoma specimen, colonic adenomas and inflammatory colonic tissues. Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), colonic adenomas and inflammatory processes undergoing surgery were recruited. Following a routine pathological evaluation tissue samples were stained using anti NF-kappa B monoclonal antibodies. Expression of NF-kappa B was quantified using IMAGEJ program for immunohistochemistry staining. Samples were also stained and quantified for CEA expression. Fifty-six patients were included. 30 cancers, 6 polyps and 20 inflammatory processes. Expression of NF-kappa B was similar between polypoid and inflammation etiologies. However, it was significantly higher in CRC compared to both (p < 0.05). In cancer patients, NF-kappa B expression in the resection margins was correlated with positive node status. CEA expression was higher in the cancer group, less in the IBD group and the lowest in the colonic non diseased margins. Our results provide a supportive evidence that NF-kappa B pathway is strongly involved in colon cancer development and metastasis. Interestingly, expression of NF-kappa B in benign polypoid lesions was as high as in inflammatory etiologies. This support the role of NF-kappa B early in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. Further research is needed to evaluate the exact role of NF-kappa B in tumor progression in order to look for diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.