Energy flow problem solution based on state estimation approaches and smart meter data

Accurate electric energy (EE) measurements and billing estimations in a power system necessitate the development of an energy flow distribution model. This paper summarizes the results of investigations on a new problem related to the determination of EE flow in a power system over time intervals ranging from minutes to years. The problem is referred to as the energy flow problem (EFP). Generally, the grid state and topology may fluctuate over time. An attempt to use instantaneous (not integral) power values obtained from telemetry to solve classical electrical engineering equations leads to significant modeling errors, particularly with topology changes. A promoted EFP model may be suitable in the presence of such topological and state changes. Herein, EE flows are determined using state estimation approaches based on direct EE measurement data in Watt-hours (Volt-ampere reactive-hours) provided by electricity meters. The EFP solution is essential for a broad set of applications, including meter data validation, zero unbalance EE billing, and nontechnical EE loss check.