Plant responses to environmental stresses-from gene to biotechnology

被引:105
作者
Ahanger, Mohammad Abass [1 ]
Akram, Nudrat Aisha [2 ]
Ashraf, Muhammad [3 ,4 ]
Alyemeni, Mohammed Nasser [4 ]
Wijaya, Leonard [4 ]
Ahmad, Parvaiz [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Jiwaji Univ, Sch Studies Bot, Gwalior 474011, MP, India
[2] Govt Coll Univ, Dept Bot, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
[3] Pakistan Sci Fdn, Islamabad, Pakistan
[4] King Saud Univ, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[5] SP Coll, Dept Bot, Srinagar 190001, Jammu & Kashmir, India
关键词
Abiotic stresses; biotechnology; cold tolerance; ion transporters; pathogens; stress tolerance; transgenics; ARABIDOPSIS PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE; CYTOSOLIC GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; ABIOTIC STRESS; ENHANCES TOLERANCE; SALT TOLERANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TOBACCO PLANTS; COORDINATED RESPONSES; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE;
D O I
10.1093/aobpla/plx025
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Increasing global population, urbanization and industrialization are increasing the rate of conversion of arable land into wasteland. Supplying food to an ever-increasing population is one of the biggest challenges that agriculturalists and plant scientists are currently confronting. Environmental stresses make this situation even graver. Despite the induction of several tolerance mechanisms, sensitive plants often fail to survive under environmental extremes. New technological approaches are imperative. Conventional breeding methods have a limited potential to improve plant genomes against environmental stress. Recently, genetic engineering has contributed enormously to the development of genetically modified varieties of different crops such as cotton, maize, rice, canola and soybean. The identification of stress-responsive genes and their subsequent introgression or overexpression within sensitive crop species are now being widely carried out by plant scientists. Engineering of important tolerance pathways, like antioxidant enzymes, osmolyte accumulation, membrane-localized transporters for efficient compartmentation of deleterious ions and accumulation of essential elements and resistance against pests or pathogens is also an area that has been intensively researched. In this review, the role of biotechnology and its successes, prospects and challenges in developing stress-tolerant crop cultivars are discussed.
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页数:17
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