An Asynchronous and Real-Time Update Paradigm of Federated Learning for Fault Diagnosis

The federated learning (FL) method based on model aggregation can balance data and protect data privacy, but the existing method is difficult to achieve the same effectiveness as the centralized learning method under data sharing. In addition, it is difficult for the existing federated model to realize the real-time update of the clients' network parameters, because it inhibits the optimal performance of the client. Therefore, this article proposes an asynchronous update paradigm of FL with real-time identification of the client's network parameters to tackle the shortcomings. First, we adopt the linear fusion method based on sequential filtering and fuse the parameters of federated center asynchronously considering communication delay, which can approach the diagnostic accuracy based on the centralized learning. Second, we establish the real-time identification method for the clients based on linear filtering with the new labeled samples obtained at nonequal intervals, which expects the client to acquire better performance. Finally, we test the fault classification ability of the proposed method based on the actual collected fault dataset and the test platform of bearing fault dataset.