Automatic Redirection of Carbon Flux between Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway Using an Oxygen-Responsive Metabolic Switch in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Controlling the carbon flux into a desired pathway is important for improving product yield in metabolic engineering. After entering a cell, glucose is channeled into glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which decreases the yield of target products whose synthesis relies on NADPH as a cofactor. Here, we demonstrate redirection of carbon flux into PPP under aerobic conditions in Corynebacterium glutamicum, achieved by replacing the promoter of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase gene (pgi) with an anaerobic-specific promoter of the lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhA). The promoter replacement increased the split ratio of carbon flux into PPP from 39 to 83% under aerobic conditions. The titer, yield, and production rate of 1,5-diaminopentane, whose synthesis requires NADPH as a cofactor, were increased by 4.6-, 4.4-, and 2.6-fold, respectively. This is the largest improvement in the production of 1,5-diaminopentane or its precursor, lysine, reported to date. After aerobic cell growth, pgi expression was automatically induced under anaerobic conditions, altering the carbon flux from PPP to glycolysis, to produce succinate in a single metabolically engineered strain. Such an automatic redirection of metabolic pathway using an oxygen-responsive switch enables two-stage fermentation for efficient production of two different compounds by a single strain, potentially reducing the production costs and time for practical applications.