Optimum efficacy is the primary goal for any cancer therapy, and entails controlling tumour growth and prolonging survival as far as possible. The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has greatly improved with the introduction of targeted therapies. This review examines the development and efficacy of targeted agents for the management of mRCC, the challenge; offered by their rapid emergence, and discusses how mRCC treatment may evolve in the future. Improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival rates, observed with targeted agents, indicate that it may now be possible to change mRCC from a rapidly fatal and largely untreatable condition into a chronic disease. The major challenges to further advances in targeted therapy for mRCC include overcoming drug resistance, identifying the most effective sequence or combination of targeted agents, optimising clinical trial design and managing the cost of treatment. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 399 - 406. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6606084 www.bjcancer.com (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USABaylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
Hutson, Thomas E.
Bukowski, Ronald M.
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Cleveland Clin, Taussig Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USABaylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
Bukowski, Ronald M.
Cowey, C. Lance
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机构:Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
Cowey, C. Lance
Figlin, Robert
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Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Samuel Oschin Comprehens Canc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USABaylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
Figlin, Robert
Escudier, Bernard
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Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, FranceBaylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
Escudier, Bernard
Sternberg, Cora N.
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San Camillo Forlanini Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Rome, ItalyBaylor Univ, Med Ctr, Charles A Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
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St Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Powles, T.
Chowdhury, S.
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Guys & St Thomas Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, London SE1 9RT, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Chowdhury, S.
Jones, R.
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Beatson Hosp Glasgow, Dept Med Oncol, Glasgow, Lanark, ScotlandSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Jones, R.
Mantle, M.
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St Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Mantle, M.
Nathan, P.
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Mt Vernon Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Nathan, P.
Bex, A.
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Natl Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Amsterdam, NetherlandsSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Bex, A.
Lim, L.
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St Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
Lim, L.
Hutson, T.
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Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Dallas, TX USASt Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Barts & London NHS trust, London, England
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Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Med Oncol & Hematol, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, CanadaUniv Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Med Oncol & Hematol, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
Gan, H. K.
Seruga, B.
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Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Med Oncol & Hematol, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, CanadaUniv Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Med Oncol & Hematol, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
Seruga, B.
Knox, J. J.
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Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Med Oncol & Hematol, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, CanadaUniv Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Med Oncol & Hematol, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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City Hope Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol & Expt Therapeut, Duarte, CA 91010 USACity Hope Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol & Expt Therapeut, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
Pal, Sumanta Kumar
Figlin, Robert A.
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City Hope Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol & Expt Therapeut, Duarte, CA 91010 USACity Hope Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol & Expt Therapeut, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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Univ New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaUniv New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Webber, K.
Cooper, A.
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Australian Natl Univ, Canberra Hosp, Med Oncol Unit, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaUniv New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Cooper, A.
Kleiven, H.
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Australian Natl Univ, Canberra Hosp, Med Oncol Unit, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaUniv New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Kleiven, H.
Yip, D.
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Australian Natl Univ, Canberra Hosp, Med Oncol Unit, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Australian Natl Univ, ANU Med Sch, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaUniv New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Yip, D.
Goldstein, D.
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Univ New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Univ New S Wales, Prince Wales Clin Sch, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaUniv New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia