Experimental determination of hydraulic and hydrochemical parameters in mathematical models for moisture and salt transfer in soils

The main hydrophysical characteristic (MHC) and hydrochemical parameters (interval of miscibility, exclusive water content) for a typical and southern heavy loamy chernozems, the latter with secondary hydromorphism, have been obtained in laboratory and terrain experiments on plots with 0.03 N calcium chloride solution application. Introduction of these data into forecasting models of water and salts transport alongside with the comparison with data of independent water and salt regimes investigations in vivo showed that a reliable parametrization, adaptation, and use of forecasting models for areas exceeding few square meters are possible only after a field model experiment describing the dynamics in consecutive layers for moisture, moisture pressure, boundary conditions in the solum, and labeled ion concentration (Cl-). Laboratory methods to obtain MHC, filtration experiments, and the analysis of the ''breakthrough curve'' are thought to be nothing more than the initial quantitative information providing for the experimental background of moisture and salts transfer in soils.