Production of renewable fuels and chemicals from fats, oils, and grease (FOG) using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts: Design, validation, and optimization

被引：49
作者：
Taipabu, Muhammad Ikhsan [1 ]
Viswanathan, Karthickeyan [1 ]
Wu, Wei [1 ]
Nagy, Zoltan K. [2 ]
机构：
[1] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
[2] Purdue Univ, Davidson Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
来源：
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | 2021年 / 424卷
关键词：
Biodiesel; Box-Behnken design; FOG waste; Homogeneous-heterogeneous catalyst; Esterification-transesterification; Response surface methodology; WASTE COOKING OIL; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; REACTIVE DISTILLATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; IONIC LIQUID; BINARY-MIXTURES; METHYL ACETATE; TRAP WASTE;
D O I：
10.1016/j.cej.2021.130199
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) is a waste which collected from the kitchen and restaurant wastes. This waste causes sewer blockage in many countries because of the rising of human activities. The new FOG waste-to-chemicals processes for producing biodiesel and side products of glycerol and K2HPO4 are developed in Aspen Plus (R), where thermodynamic and kinetic models are successfully validated. To address the trade-off process design of two-step esterification and transesterification reactions with different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, (i) the esterification reaction [Step-1] by using homogenous catalyst is specified as Est-Design-1 and by using heterogenous catalyst is specified as Est-Design-2, (ii) the transesterification reaction [Step-2] by using homogenous catalyst are specified as TransEst-Design-1 and TransEst-Design-2, and by using heterogeneous catalyst is specified as TransEst-Design-3, (iii) five frameworks of FOG waste-to-chemicals processes (Scheme-1 to Scheme-5) are presented. As compared to Scheme-1 (H2SO4 and KOH catalysts for Est-Design-1 and TransEstDesign -1, respectively), Scheme-2 (H2SO4 and KOH catalysts for Est-Design-1 and TransEst-Design-2, respectively) and Scheme-5 (Amberlyst-15 and KOH catalysts for Est-Design-2 and TransEst-Design-2, respectively) could reduce 29.63% and 22.34% of energy duties, respectively. From the environmental aspects, Scheme-5 is superior to Scheme-2 due to Est-Design-1 discharging acidic wastewater. The Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to maximize the biodiesel yield and free fatty acid (FFA) conversion of Scheme-5, the optimum operating conditions of Est-Design-2 and TransEst-Design-2 are 100 degrees C of reaction temperature at 480 min, and the molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid with 9:1, and 75 degrees C of reaction temperature at 63 min, and the molar ratio of methanol to triolein with 3.84:1, respectively.
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页数：19
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