Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses

Background To date, risk factors for equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) have not been described in Thoroughbred racehorses. Objectives To determine management factors associated with EGGD, identify clinical signs in affected horses, and compare these to equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). Animals The study was carried out on 109 Thoroughbred racehorses from 8 training yards (3 in the United Kingdom and 5 in Australia). Methods Gastroscopic examination alongside a questionnaire regarding management, feeding, exercise, and health. Results Management factors and clinical signs were different for EGGD versus ESGD. Exercising >= 5 days per week was associated with a 10.4 times (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.34-26.9) increased risk of EGGD. Horses racing below expectation were 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.1-16.7) more likely to have EGGD. Trainer was also identified as a risk factor for EGGD. Time in work <= 6 weeks was associated with a decreased risk of ESGD (odds ratio [OR] 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.99). Horses aggressive to humans were less likely to have ESGD (OR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.54). Horses with stereotypies were more likely to have ESGD (OR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.6-15.9). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The findings of our study further support the notion that EGGD should be considered as a distinct disease entity to ESGD. Exercising <= 4 days per week could reduce the risk of EGGD. Horses with EGGD are more likely to perform below expectation and, as such, EGGD might be performance limiting in some affected individuals. Stress minimization could reduce the risk of EGGD.