Application of demand response and smart battery electric vehicles charging for capacity utilization of the distribution transformer

This paper deals with managing the load across distribution transformer through demand response and smart battery electric vehicle (BEV) charging techniques. A neighborhood of 40 households connected across a 200-kVA distribution transformer is investigated in this paper. Each house is provided with a single BEV. Residential and BEV loads across each house are managed through time of use and nontime of use demand response-based techniques, managed under shifting the load based on unit pricing. To implement demand response technique, appliances in each household are classified as shiftable and non-shiftable. Operating time of shiftable appliances is controlled to attain the required peak shaving. The load levelling is effective in minimizing the transformer loading obtained under time-variant unit pricing used to control both residential and BEV charging load. This paper investigates electrical loading of the distribution transformer under residential and BEV charging load.