Lead poisoning in whooper and tundra swans

被引:12
作者
Nakade, T
Tomura, Y
Jin, K
Taniyama, H
Yamamoto, M
Kikkawa, A
Miyagi, K
Uchida, E
Asakawa, M
Mukai, T
Shirasawa, M
Yamaguchi, M
机构
[1] Rakuno Gakuen Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0698501, Japan
[2] Hokkaido Inst Publ Hlth, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600816, Japan
[3] Rakuno Gakuen Univ, Sch Vet Med, Lab Vet Pathol, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0698501, Japan
[4] Rakuno Gakuen Univ, Sch Vet Med, Lab Vet Parasitol, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0698501, Japan
[5] Sapporo Maruyama Zoo, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0640959, Japan
[6] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, Muscle Biol Res Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
关键词
Cygnus columbianus; Cygnus cygnus; lead poisoning; lead shot rehabilitation; Swamp Miyajima; tundra swan; whooper swan;
D O I
10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.253
中图分类号
S85 [动物医学(兽医学)];
学科分类号
0906 ;
摘要
Six weak whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and two weak tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) were found at Swamp Miyajima (Hokkaido, Japan) in May 1998. Anorexia, depression, green watery feces, pale conjunctiva, and anemia were observed. Radiographs showed from six to 38 suspected lead pellets in the gizzard. Blood lead concentrations were 2.5-6.7 mu g/g (mean +/- SD=4.6 +/- 1.14 mu g/g) on day 1. After blood collection, the birds were treated with calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaEDTA) given intravenously and force fed. Despite treatment, seven birds died the next day. Green, bile-stained livers and pale or green kidneys were observed on necropsy. Microscopically, bile pigment was widespread in the liver and acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in renal tubular epithelium. Lead concentrations in livers and kidneys were 14.0-30.4 mu g/g and 30.2-122 mu g/g wet weight, respectively. Only one bird survived and this whooper swan continued to be treated with CaEDTA and activated charcoal. No lead shot was observed in the proventriculus and gizzard by radiography on day 64 and the blood lead concentration decreased from 2.9 mu g/g to 0.09 mu g/g during that same period. After 4 mo of rehabilitation, the whooper swan was returned to the wild. Lead intoxication continues to be a problem at Swamp Miyajima.
引用
收藏
页码:253 / 256
页数:4
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