Pleuropulmonary Blastoma as Characteristic Cause of Pneumothorax

Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common lung neoplasms in childhood. Usually presents as recurrent respiratory infections and in some cases as pneumothorax. Case Report: We report the case of a 2-year-old patient that was diagnosed with PPB, that first manifested as recurrent pneumothorax. Three chest computed tomography were necessary for the diagnosis. The first 2 tomographies showed no abnormalities suggestive of malignancy. The patient had a family history of both PPB and leukemia. Three years and a half after completion of treatment, the patient is in complete remission. Conclusions: PPB is an uncommon disease but is the most common pulmonary neoplasms in childhood. We must suspect it in patients with a suggestive family history and recurrent pneumothorax in the same location.