Mineralogy and Origin of Aerosol From an Arc Basaltic Eruption: Case Study of Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka

被引:10
作者
Zelenski, M. [1 ]
Kamenetsky, V. S. [1 ,2 ]
Taran, Yu [2 ,3 ]
Kovalskii, A. M. [4 ]
机构
[1] Inst Expt Mineral, Chernogolovka, Russia
[2] Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia
[3] UNAM, Inst Geophys, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
[4] Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISiS, Inorgan Nanomat Lab, Moscow, Russia
基金
俄罗斯科学基金会;
关键词
volcanic aerosol; fragmentation; alteration; condensation; mineral composition; Tolbachik; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GAS EMISSIONS; NATIVE GOLD; THERMOCHEMICAL DATA; FISSURE ERUPTION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; COLIMA VOLCANO; MOUNT EREBUS; TRANSPORT; PARTICLE;
D O I
10.1029/2019GC008802
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Intense emission of volcanic aerosol accompanied the 2012-2013 basaltic effusive eruption of Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka. The aerosols sampled contain sulfuric acid droplets, glassy particles, and 70 mineral phases. All aerosol particles may be classified by their origin. The fragmentation aerosol includes magma fragments: silicate glass clasts, silicate microspheres, and small phenocrysts (olivine, pyroxene, and magnetite). The alteration aerosol comprises particles of quenched silicate melt covered with secondary minerals (fluorides, sulfates, and oxides/hydroxides of rock-forming elements) and fragments of altered rocks composed solely of secondary minerals. The condensation aerosol dominated the mass during the later stages of the eruption when the explosive activity had ceased, and was characterized by the greatest variety of particle compositions. Na-K sulfate and Fe (III) oxide comprised more than 95% of the solid fraction of the condensation aerosol. The remaining 5% was represented by native elements (Au, Ag-Pt alloy, and Pt); sulfides of Fe, Cu, Ag, and Re; oxides and hydroxides of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, Ta, and Zr; halides of Al, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Cd, Pb, Ag, and Tl; and sulfates of Na, K, Pb, Ca, and Ba; the only silicate was As-bearing orthoclase. Droplets of H2SO4 formed the liquid phase of the condensation aerosol. Some of the aerosol components, such as magnetite spherules or phosphate-carbonate-fluorite association, likely had a nonvolcanic origin (country rocks and wood fly ash). The volcanic aerosols and their contained minerals, discharged at Tolbachik and elsewhere, result in a physical and chemical effect on the environment in the region of such volcanoes.
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页数:30
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