Different antibacterial and photocatalyst functions for herbal and bacterial synthesized silver and copper/copper oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites: A review

Infections resulted from multidrug-resistant microorganisms specifically bacteria are difficult to heal by conventional antibiotics. Bio-fabrication of silver, copper, and copper oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites via medicinal plant species and bacteria may be considered as a novel alternative strategy to defeat multidrugresistant bacteria. As a literature review, recent studies and challenges for antibacterial and photocatalytic capacities of biosynthesized silver and copper nanoparticles and nanocomposites by two sources have been discussed in details. Efficiency of biosynthesized silver, copper, and copper oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites in a safe dose with the antibacterial activity in related to antibacterial mechanisms such as bacterial envelope damage should be considered to achieve clear view point of future investigations. The photocatalytic activity depends on the stability and surface area of nanoparticles which affected by biomolecules. The degradation mechanism showed that center dot OH, O-2(center dot) and h(+) VB are the major radicals that participate in the photodegradation process.