Historical sunspot records

被引:91
作者
Arlt, Rainer [1 ]
Vaquero, Jose M. [2 ]
机构
[1] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany
[2] Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, Badajoz, Spain
关键词
Sunspots; Sunspot drawings; Sunspot positions; NAKED-EYE OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR ROTATION; MAUNDER MINIMUM; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; DRAWINGS; CYCLE; NUMBER; DIGITIZATION; COLLECTION; VELOCITY;
D O I
10.1007/s41116-020-0023-y
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Sunspot observations are available in fairly good numbers since 1610, after the invention of the telescope. This review is concerned with those sunspot observations of which longer records and drawings in particular are available. Those records bear information beyond the classical sunspot numbers or group sunspot numbers. We begin with a brief summary on naked-eye sunspot observations, in particular those with drawings. They are followed by the records of drawings from 1610 to about 1900. The review is not a compilation of all known historical sunspot information. Some records contributing substantially to the sunspot number time series may therefore be absent. We also glance at the evolution of the understanding of what sunspots actually are, from 1610 to the 19th century. The final part of the review illuminates the physical quantities that can be derived from historical drawings.
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页数:60
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