Risk factors for radiation-induced lung injury in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: implication for treatment strategies

Background: The radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) is very common in clinical settings; we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of RILI in NSCLS patients, to provide insights into the treatment of NSCLS. Methods: NSCLC patients undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in our hospital from June 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, were included. The characteristics and treatments of RILI and non-RILI patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC. Results: A total of 126 NSCLC patients were included; the incidence of RILI in NSCLC patients was 35.71%. There were significant differences in diabetes, smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose, and planning target volume (PTV) between the RILI group and the non-RILI group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that diabetes (OR 3.076, 95%CI 1.442 similar to 5.304), smoke (OR 2.745, 95%CI 1.288 similar to 4.613), COPD (OR 3.949, 95%CI 1.067 similar to 5.733), concurrent chemotherapy (OR 2.072, 95%CI 1.121 similar to 3.498), radiotherapy dose >= 60 Gy (OR 3.841, 95%CI 1.932 similar to 5.362), and PTV >= 396 (OR 1.247, 95%CI 1.107 similar to 1.746) were the independent risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: RILI is commonly seen in NSCLS patients; early targeted measures are warranted for patients with those risk factors; future studies with larger sample sizes and different areas are needed to further elucidate the influencing factors of RILI in the treatment of NSCLS.