Poly(1,5-anthraquinonyl sulfide)/re duce d graphene oxide composites towards high Li and Na storage both in half- and full-cells

Conjugated carbonyl compounds with high theoretical capacity, low cost, structural flexibility and abun-dant resources are potential cathodes in metal-ion batteries (lithium-LIBs, sodium-SIBs, kalium-KIBs). Re-grettably, their inherent drawbacks of high solubility and low electrical conductivity limit their further application. Herein, different mass ratios of reduced graphene oxide wrapped poly (1,5-anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS/rGO) composites were prepared through a calcination-treatment process aiming at de-creasing the dissolution and enhancing the conductivity. XRD, FTIR and Raman analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of PAQS. XRD analysis also confirmed the conversion of GO to rGO. Four-probe test results showed that the conductivity of composites increased as the rGO ratio increased. SEM images showed that PAQS/rGO composites presented microsphere morphologies. Profiting from the enhanced conductivity and limited dissolution in electrolyte, the PAQS2 (the mass ratios of PAQS and rGO is 10:2) composite exhibited outstanding performance both in half-and full-batteries. In LIBs/SIBs, PAQS2 ex-hibited reservable discharge capacities of 121 and 115 mAh g(-1) at 50 mA g(-1) after 200 and 400 cy-cles, respectively. In PTPAn/PAQS2 all-organic Li/Na-ion batteries, reservable charge/discharge capacities of 42.1/39 and 42.1/40.4 mAh g(-1) were retained at 50 mA g(-1) after 200 cycles, respectively. Ex-situ FT-IR analysis further performed the redox reaction of carbonyl groups during charging and discharging. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.