Polymeric gel electrolyte containing alkyl phosphate for lithium-ion batteries

A nonflammable polymeric gel electrolyte film has been developed for rechargeable lithium battery systems. The gel film consists of poly(vinylidenefluofide-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) swollen with LiPF6 solution of a ternary solvent containing nonflammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP). The addition of TMP to mixed ethylene carbonate plus diethyl carbonate (EC + DEC) solvent prevented the LiPF6 salt from the thermal decomposition. The LiPF6 solutions containing 20 vol% or higher content of TMP were fire-retardant. High ionic conductivity was obtained for both the liquid and the gel electrolyte systems containing 55 vol% of TMP in the liquid components: 7.1 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) for the liquid and 2.9 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) for the gel electrolytes at 20 degrees C. A wide potential window (-0.5 to 4.5 V versus Li/Li+) and the redox activity of the electrode materials were established for the gel electrolyte containing TMP (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.