Trajectories of Normal Cognitive Aging

被引:454
作者
Salthouse, Timothy A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
关键词
cross-sectional; longitudinal; cohort differences; retest effects; ADULT AGE-DIFFERENCES; MEMORY; DECLINE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; ABILITIES; IMMEDIATE; 14-YEAR; LEVEL; FALL;
D O I
10.1037/pag0000288
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学]; R592 [老年病学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100203 ; 100602 ;
摘要
Although sensitive detection of pathological cognitive aging requires accurate information about the trajectory of normal cognitive aging, prior research has revealed inconsistent patterns of age-cognition relations with cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Age trends in four cognitive domains were compared in over 5,000 adults with cross-sectional data, and in almost 1,600 adults with three-occasion longitudinal data. Quasi-longitudinal comparisons, which are similar to cross-sectional comparisons in that there is no prior test experience and are similar to longitudinal comparisons in that the participants are from the same birth cohorts, were also reported. The age trends in quasi-longitudinal comparisons more closely resembled those in cross-sectional comparisons than those in longitudinal comparisons, which suggests that, at least up until about age 65, age-cognition relations in longitudinal comparisons are distorted by prior test experience. Results from cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal comparisons, which can be assumed to have minimal test experience effects, imply that normal cognitive aging is characterized by nearly linear declines from early adulthood in speed, and accelerating declines in memory and reasoning. However, vocabulary knowledge increased until the decade of the 60's in all three types of comparisons.
引用
收藏
页码:17 / 24
页数:8
相关论文
共 61 条
[1]   INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGE IN AND INITIAL LEVEL OF ADULT COGNITIVE-FUNCTIONING [J].
ALDER, AG ;
ADAM, J ;
ARENBERG, D .
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING, 1990, 5 (04) :560-568
[2]   Activity Engagement Is Related to Level, but Not Change in Cognitive Ability Across Adulthood [J].
Bielak, Allison A. M. ;
Anstey, Kaarin J. ;
Christensen, Helen ;
Windsor, Tim D. .
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING, 2012, 27 (01) :219-228
[3]   SOME CONFIRMATORY RESULTS ON AGE-DIFFERENCES IN MEMORY FOR SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION [J].
BROADBENT, DE ;
GREGORY, M .
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 1965, 56 (01) :77-80
[4]   Longitudinal Modeling of Age-Related Memory Decline and the APOE ε4 Effect [J].
Caselli, Richard J. ;
Dueck, Amylou C. ;
Osborne, David ;
Sabbagh, Marwan N. ;
Connor, Donald J. ;
Ahern, Geoffrey L. ;
Baxter, Leslie C. ;
Rapcsak, Steven Z. ;
Shi, Jiong ;
Woodruff, Bryan K. ;
Locke, Dona E. C. ;
Snyder, Charlene Hoffman ;
Alexander, Gene E. ;
Rademakers, Rosa ;
Reiman, Eric M. .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2009, 361 (03) :255-263
[5]  
Ekstrom R.B., 1976, KIT FACTORREFERENCED
[6]   Modeling age and retest processes in longitudinal studies of cognitive abilities [J].
Ferrer, E ;
Salthouse, TA ;
Stewart, WF ;
Schwartz, BS .
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING, 2004, 19 (02) :243-259
[7]   Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish adoption/twin study of aging [J].
Finkel, D ;
Pedersen, NL ;
Plomin, R ;
McClearn, GE .
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1998, 34 (06) :1400-1413
[8]   MINI-MENTAL STATE - PRACTICAL METHOD FOR GRADING COGNITIVE STATE OF PATIENTS FOR CLINICIAN [J].
FOLSTEIN, MF ;
FOLSTEIN, SE ;
MCHUGH, PR .
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, 1975, 12 (03) :189-198
[9]   THE APPLICABILITY OF MENTAL TESTS TO PERSONS OVER FIFTY YEARS OF AGE [J].
Foster, Josephine Curtis ;
Taylor, Grace A. .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, 1920, 4 (01) :39-58
[10]   GENERAL APTITUDE TEST BATTERY SCORES FOR MEN DIFFERING IN AGE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS [J].
FOZARD, JL ;
NUTTALL, RL .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, 1971, 55 (04) :372-&