On the path toward personalized medicine: implications of pharmacogenetic studies of alcohol use disorder medications

被引:3
作者
Nieto, Steven J. [1 ]
Grodin, Erica N. [1 ]
Ray, Lara A. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 1285 Franz Hall,Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Brain Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
来源
EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT | 2020年 / 5卷 / 01期
关键词
Alcohol; pharmacogenetics; precision medicine; drug development; alcohol use disorder; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; OPIOID RECEPTOR GENE; MISSING HERITABILITY; NALTREXONE RESPONSE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; OPRM1; GENOTYPE; FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM; TOPIRAMATE TREATMENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; DOUBLE-BLIND;
D O I
10.1080/23808993.2020.1724510
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Introduction: The heritability of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is estimated to be similar to 50%; however, the genetic basis of the disease is still poorly understood. The genetic variants identified thus far only explain a small percentage of AUD phenotypic variability. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are impacted by technical and methodological limitations, genetic variants that have been identified independently of GWAS findings can moderate the efficacy of AUD medications. Areas covered: This review discusses findings from clinical pharmacogenetic studies of AUD medications. While the pharmacogenetic studies reviewed involve several genetic variants in the major neurotransmitter systems, genetic loci in the opioid system have garnered the most attention. Expert opinion: The clinical utility of pharmacogenetics in AUD populations is uncertain at this time. There are several ongoing prospective clinical trials that will enhance knowledge regarding the applicability of pharmacogenetics in clinical populations. We recommend that future work in this area considers reverse translating from genotype to phenotype, mapping genes to stages of the addiction cycle, mapping genes to neural circuits, and harnessing large population-based cohorts.
引用
收藏
页码:43 / 54
页数:12
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