From drought to flooding: understanding the abrupt 2010-11 hydrological annual cycle in the Amazonas River and tributaries

被引:68
作者
Espinoza, Jhan Carlo [1 ,2 ]
Ronchail, Josyane [3 ]
Guyot, Jean Loup [4 ,5 ]
Junquas, Clementine [6 ,7 ]
Drapeau, Guillaume [3 ,8 ]
Martinez, Jean Michel [4 ,5 ]
Santini, William [4 ,9 ]
Vauchel, Philippe [4 ,9 ]
Lavado, Waldo [2 ,10 ]
Ordonez, Julio [10 ]
Espinoza, Raul [4 ,11 ]
机构
[1] Inst Geofis Peru, Lima, Peru
[2] Univ Agr La Molina, Lima, Peru
[3] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
[4] Lab Mecanismes & Transferts & Geol, Toulouse, France
[5] Inst Rech Dev, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
[6] Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[7] Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75230 Paris, France
[8] Pole Rech Org & Diffus Informat Geog, Paris, France
[9] Inst Rech Dev, Lima, Peru
[10] Serv Nacl Meteorol & Hidrol, Lima, Peru
[11] Univ Nas Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
来源
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS | 2012年 / 7卷 / 02期
关键词
Solimoes River; floods; Amazon basin; Peru; discharge variability; ENSO; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; BASIN; DISCHARGE; PACIFIC; EVOLUTION; BRAZIL; PERU;
D O I
10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024008
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
In this work we document and analyze the hydrological annual cycles characterized by a rapid transition between low and high flows in the Amazonas River (Peruvian Amazon) and we show how these events, which may impact vulnerable riverside residents, are related to regional climate variability. Our analysis is based on comprehensive discharge, rainfall and average suspended sediment data sets. Particular attention is paid to the 2010-11 hydrological year, when an unprecedented abrupt transition from the extreme September 2010 drought (8300 m(3) s(-1)) to one of the four highest discharges in April 2011 (49 500 m(3) s(-1)) was recorded at Tamshiyacu (Amazonas River). This unusual transition is also observed in average suspended sediments. Years with a rapid increase in discharge are characterized by negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific during austral summer, corresponding to a La Nina-like mode. It originates a geopotential height wave train over the subtropical South Pacific and southeastern South America, with a negative anomaly along the southern Amazon and the southeastern South Atlantic convergence zone region. As a consequence, the monsoon flux is retained over the Amazon and a strong convergence of humidity occurs in the Peruvian Amazon basin, favoring high rainfall and discharge. These features are also reported during the 2010-11 austral summer, when an intense La Nina event characterized the equatorial Pacific.
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