Terrorist attacks and public approval of the Russian president: evidence from time series analysis

This article applies time series analysis to examine weekly data on Vladimir Putin's approval rating and their dependence on terrorist attacks. I find that minor terrorist attacks with few or no fatalities in Chechnya, Ingushetia, and Dagestan increase Putin's ratings, while major terrorist attacks, with more than four fatalities, have a negative impact. There is also evidence that terrorist attacks in other Russian regions reduce Putin's public approval; however, this evidence is weaker and depends on the model specification. Furthermore, I control for main annual media events with President Putin's participation: the television Q&A program "Direct Line with V. Putin," Putin's address to the Federal Assembly, and a large annual press conference. All three media events increase the president's approval, with Direct Line having the least effect.