Comparison of Serum Cotinine Concentration within and across Smokers of Menthol and Nonmenthol Cigarette Brands among Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White US Adult Smokers, 2001-2006

被引:29
作者
Caraballo, Ralph S. [1 ]
Holiday, David B. [3 ]
Stellman, Steven D. [6 ]
Mowery, Paul D. [4 ]
Giovino, Gary A. [7 ]
Muscat, Joshua E. [8 ]
Eriksen, Michael P. [5 ]
Bernert, John T. [2 ]
Richter, Patricia A. [1 ]
Kozlowski, Lynn T. [7 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
[2] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
[3] Atlanta Reg Off, RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA
[4] Biostat Inc, Atlanta, GA USA
[5] Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
[6] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA
[7] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
[8] Penn State Coll Med, Penn State Canc Inst, Div Populat Sci, Hershey, PA USA
关键词
RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CARCINOGEN 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; METABOLISM; TIME;
D O I
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1330
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Background: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is examining options for regulating menthol content in cigarettes. There are many pharmacologic properties of menthol that may facilitate exposure to tobacco smoke, and it has been suggested that the preference for menthol cigarettes in black smokers accounts for their higher cotinine levels. Objective: To assess cigarettes smoked per day-adjusted cotinine levels in relation to smoking a menthol or nonmenthol cigarette brand among non-Hispanic black and white U. S. adult smokers under natural smoking conditions. Method: Serum cotinine concentrations were measured in 1,943 smokers participating in the 2001 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The effect of smoking a menthol brand on cigarettes smoked per day-adjusted serum cotinine levels in these two populations was modeled by adjusting for sex, age, number of smokers living in the home, body weight, time since last smoked, and FTC (Federal Trade Commission)-measured nicotine levels. The 8- or 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC) on the cigarette label was used to determine the cigarette brand and whether it was menthol. Results: Smoking a menthol cigarette brand versus smoking a nonmenthol cigarette brand was not associated (P >= 0.05) with mean serum cotinine concentration in either black or white smokers. Conclusions: The higher levels of cotinine observed in black smokers compared with white smokers are not explained by their higher preference for menthol cigarette brands. Impact: Further studies like ours are needed to improve our ability to understand health consequences of future changes in tobacco product design. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1329-40. (C)2011 AACR.
引用
收藏
页码:1329 / 1340
页数:12
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