Repair of ischemic ventricular septal defect with and without coronary artery bypass grafting

Background and Aim of the Study Ventricular septal defect (VSD) following myocardial infarction (MI) is a relatively infrequent complication with high mortality. We sought to investigate the effect of concomitant coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) on outcomes following post-MI VSD repair. Methods Electronic search was performed to identify all relevant studies published from 2000 to 2018. Sixty-seven studies were selected for the analysis comprising 2174 patients with post-MI VSD. Demographic information, perioperative variables, and outcomes including survival data were extracted and pooled for systematic review and meta-analysis. Results Single-vessel disease was most common (47%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 42-52), left anterior descending coronary artery was the most commonly involved vessel (55%, 95% CI, 46-63), and anterior wall was the most commonly affected territory (57%, 95% CI, 51-63). Concomitant CABG was performed in 52% (95% CI, 46-57) of patients. Of these, infarcted territory was re-vascularized in 54% (95% CI, 23-82). A residual/recurrent shunt was present in 29% (95% CI, 24-34) of patients. Of these, surgical repair was performed in 35% (95% CI, 28-41) and transcatheter repair in 11% (95% CI, 6-21). Thirty-day mortality was 30% (95% CI, 26-35) in patients who had preoperative coronary angiogram, and 58% (95% CI, 43-71) in those who did not (P < .01). No significant survival difference observed between those who had concomitant CABG vs those without CABG. Conclusions Concomitant CABG did not have a significant effect on survival following VSD repair. Revascularization should be weighed against the risks associated with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.