Fungicidal activity of extracellular products of cyanobacteria against Alternaria porri

Although cyanobacteria are recognized as renewable sources of biomass for bioactive compounds, they have received little attention as potential biocontrol agents of foliar plant diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fungicidal efficacy of cyanobacterial extracellular products against Alternaria porri, which causes onion purple blotch disease, in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Among the tested cyanobacteria (Anabaena oryzae, Arthrospira sp., Nostoc minutum, N. muscorum and Oscillatoria sp.), extracellular metabolites of N. muscorum and Oscillatoria sp. reduced the linear growth of A. porri by 20.37 and 36.34%, respectively. Culture filtrates of both Oscillatoria sp. and N. muscorum contained high concentrations of phenolic compounds (104.33 and 145.0 mg l(-1), respectively), and alkaloids (473.31 and 378.12 mg l(-1), respectively). GC-Mass analysis revealed that the most prevalent component in culture filtrates of N. muscorum and Oscillatoria sp. was beta ionone (7.21 and 7.17% of total analytes, respectively). Norharmane and -iso-methyl ionone constituted 7.08 and 6.83% in N. muscorum and Oscillatoria sp., respectively. Components identified in the two culture filtrates included piperazine derivatives, isocyclocitral, -trans-seequicyclocitral, phytol, oleic acid, fatty acids esters (methyl palmitate and linoleic acid mythyl ester), myristic alcohol and palmityl chloride. Application of culture filtrates of N. muscorum and Oscillatoria sp. under greenhouse conditions reduced disease severity by 55.1-66.5%. In conclusion, extracellular metabolites of N. muscorum and Oscillatoria sp. have potential as effective fungicides to control purple blotch disease of onion.