The vitamin K cycle

被引:137
作者
Oldenburg, Johannes [1 ]
Marinova, Mitka [1 ]
Moier-Reible, Clemens [2 ]
Watzka, Matthias [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Clin Bonn, Inst Expt Hematol & Transfus Med, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
[2] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Human Genet, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
来源
VITAMIN K | 2008年 / 78卷
关键词
D O I
10.1016/S0083-6729(07)00003-9
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Vitamin K is a collective term for lipid-like naphthoquinone derivatives synthesized only in eubacteria and plants and functioning as electron carriers in energy transduction pathways and as free radical scavengers maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. Paradoxically, vitamin K is a required micronutrient in animals for protein posttranslational modification of some glutamate side chains to gamma-carboxyglutamate. The majority of gamma-carboxylated proteins function in blood coagulation. Vitamin K shuttles reducing equivalents as electrons between two enzymes: VKORC1, which is itself reduced by an unknown ER lumenal reductant in order to reduce vitamin K epoxide (K>O) to the quinone form (KH2); and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes posttranslational gamma-carboxylation and oxidizes KH2 to K>O. This article reviews vitamin K synthesis and the vitamin K cycle, outlines physiological roles of various vitamin K-dependent, gamma-carboxylated proteins, and summarizes the current understanding of clinical phenotypes caused by genetic mutations affecting both enzymes of the vitamin K cycle. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:35 / 62
页数:28
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