Attention and executive function tests components inattention deficit/hyperactivity children

Introduction. It has been suggested that children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have problems in attention and executive functions. A factor analysis showed that ADHD children had a different factor structure of the executive functions when they were compared with controls. Aim. To determine the factor structure of attention and executive functions in a group of ADHD children compared with a group of controls. Subjects and methods. 249 ADHD children and 372 controls of both genders, aged 6 to 11 years old, and from the different socio economic strata of Medellin, city, were selected. Attention-Mental Control and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (ACPT)- and executive functions -Phonologic and Semantic Verbal Fluency (FAS)-, and a shortened version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were assessed in both groups. Factor analyses were developed with principal components procedure were developed for each group and the total sample, using principal component procedure with orthogonal rotation. Results. Stable factor structures were found for each group and for the total sample. The general factor structure was constituted by three independent factors: 1- Categorization, 2- Verbal fluency and verbal sustained attention, and 3- Cognitive flexibility. This factor structure explained 74.9% of the variance. Conclusion. The factor structures suggested that the components of attention and executive,functions are similar for ADHD and control groups. The differences between groups would be quantitative.