Do Bacterial Vaginosis and Chlamydial Infection Affect Serum Cytokine Level?

Introduction Serbia is the country with extremely low birth rate and a relatively high percentage of preterm deliveries (8%). With this in mind, discovering new diagnostic methods that could be used for the prediction of preterm delivery is of great importance. In this study we tried to determine whether bacterial vaginosis and chlamydial infection could provoke preterm delivery by activation of systemic cytokine network. Objective The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-8, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) in pregnant women with symptoms of preterm delivery and to make correlation between these parameters and the presence of bacterial vaginosis or chlamydial infection. Method In the serum of 35 pregnant women, which were divided in groups according to the presence or absence of bacterial vaginosis and chlamydial infection, commercial ELISA tests for proinflammatory cytokines were performed. Results The serum level of IFN-gamma was significantly increased in pregnant women having chlamydial infection, as well as the level of IL-1 beta in women with bacterial vaginosis. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 were not significantly different between the investigated groups. Conclusion The preliminary results obtained in this research point out the possibility that not only intrauterine or systemic infections, but also bacterial vaginosis and chlamydial infection can cause a partial activation of systemic cytokine network and contribute to the occurrence of preterm delivery.