Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection of dendritic cells leads to functionally increased expression of the macrophage-derived chemokine

Gene expression in murine dendritic cells (DCs) infected with green fluorescent protein-expressing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BRD509 was studied by mRNA differential display. Infected DCs were sorted from uninfected cells by How cytometry. The mRNA expression patterns of infected and uninfected cells revealed a number of differentially expressed transcripts, which included the macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Up-regulation of MDC transcription in infected DCs was confirmed by Northern blotting, and the kinetics of MDC expression was examined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, with which 31- and 150-fold increases were detected at 2 and 6 h postinfection, respectively. The increased release by DCs of MDC into culture media was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biological activity of MDC was investigated in in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro, supernatants from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected DCs were chemoattractive to T cells, and neutralization of MDC in these supernatants inhibited T-cell migration. Passive transfer of anti-MDC antibody to mice infected with BRD509 revealed that neither growth of the bacterium nor resistance of the mice to reinfection was affected and that in vivo inhibition of MDC did not affect T-cell responses, as measured by the gamma interferon ELISPOT method 3 days after challenge infection.