Calpains Are Downstream Effectors of bax-Dependent Excitotoxic Apoptosis

被引:62
作者
D'Orsi, Beatrice [1 ]
Bonner, Helena [1 ]
Tuffy, Liam P. [1 ]
Dussmann, Heiko [1 ]
Woods, Ina [1 ]
Courtney, Michael J. [2 ]
Ward, Manus W. [1 ]
Prehn, Jochen H. M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Physiol & Med Phys, Ctr Study Neurol Disorders, Dublin 2, Ireland
[2] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Neurobiol, AI Virtanen Inst, Mol Signalling Lab, Kuopio, Finland
基金
爱尔兰科学基金会; 芬兰科学院;
关键词
CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; STRESS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INDUCED NEURONAL DEATH; CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; IN-VITRO; GLUTAMATE EXCITOTOXICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; MITOCHONDRIAL DEPOLARIZATION; PROTEASE CALPAIN;
D O I
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2345-11.2012
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Excitotoxicity resulting from excessive Ca2+ influx through glutamate receptors contributes to neuronal injury after stroke, trauma, and seizures. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels activate a family of calcium-dependent proteases with papain-like activity, the calpains. Here we investigated the role of calpain activation during NMDA-induced excitotoxic injury in embryonic (E16-E18) murine cortical neurons that (1) underwent excitotoxic necrosis, characterized by immediate deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, a persistent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)), and insensitivity to bax-gene deletion, (2) underwent excitotoxic apoptosis, characterized by recovery of NMDA-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increases, sensitivity to bax gene deletion, and delayed Delta psi(m) depolarization and Ca2+ deregulation, or (3) that were tolerant to excitotoxic injury. Interestingly, treatment with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin, overexpression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin, or gene silencing of calpain protected neurons against excitotoxic apoptosis but did not influence excitotoxic necrosis. Calpeptin failed to exert a protective effect in bax-deficient neurons but protected bid-deficient neurons similarly to wild-type cells. To identify when calpains became activated during excitotoxic apoptosis, we monitored calpain activation dynamics by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy using a calpain-sensitive Forster resonance energy transfer probe. We observed a delayed calpain activation that occurred downstream of mitochondrial engagement and directly preceded neuronal death. In contrast, we could not detect significant calpain activity during excitotoxic necrosis or in neurons that were tolerant to excitotoxic injury. Oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures confirmed that calpains were specifically activated during bax-dependent apoptosis and in this setting function as downstream cell-death executioners.
引用
收藏
页码:1847 / 1858
页数:12
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