Downward trends in surgical site and urinary tract infections after Cesarean delivery in a French surveillance network, 1997-2003

objective. To evaluate whether the adjusted rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and urinary tract infection ( UTI) after cesarean delivery decrease in maternity units that perform active healthcare-associated infection surveillance. Design. Trend analysis by means of multiple logistic regression. Setting. A total of 80 maternity units participating in the Mater Sud-Est surveillance network. Patients. A total of 37,074 cesarean deliveries were included in the surveillance from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2003. Methods. We used a logistic regression model to estimate risk-adjusted post-cesarean delivery infection odds ratios. The variables included were the maternity units' annual rate of operative procedures, the level of dispensed neonatal care, the year of delivery, maternal risk factors, and the characteristics of cesarean delivery. The trend of risk-adjusted odds ratios for SSI and UTI during the study period was studied by linear regression. Results. The crude rates of SSI and UTI after cesarean delivery were 1.5% (571 of 37,074 patients) and 1.8% (685 of 37,074 patients), respectively. During the study period, the decrease in SSI and UTI adjusted odds ratios was statistically significant (R = -0.823 [P =.023] and R = -0.906 [P= .005], respectively). Conclusion. Reductions of 48% in the SSI rate and 52% in the UTI rate were observed in the maternity units. These unbiased trends could be related to progress in preventive practices as a result of the increased dissemination of national standards and a collaborative surveillance with benchmarking of rates.