LOCATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC/ASPARTATERGIC NEURONS PROJECTING TO THE HYPOTHALAMIC VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEUS STUDIED BY AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF RETROGRADELY TRANSPORTED [3H]D-ASPARTATE

The hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus is a prominent cell group, which is involved in the control of feeding, sexual behavior and cardiovascular function as well as having other functions. The nucleus receives inputs from various forebrain structures and has a dense glutamatergic innervation. The aim of the present investigations was to reveal the location of glutamatergic neurons in the telencephalon and diencephalon projecting to this hypothalamic cell group. [H-3]D-aspartate retrograde autoradiography was used injecting the tracer into the ventromedial nucleus. We detected radiolabeled neurons in telencephalic structures including the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the amygdala, and in various diencephalic regions, such as the medial preoptic area, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, ventral premamillary nucleus, thalamic paraventricular and parataenial nuclei and in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus itself. Our observations are the first data on the location of glutamatergic neurons terminating in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. The findings indicate that glutamatergic innervation of the ventromedial nucleus is very complex. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.