Dynamic optimization of dead-end membrane filtration

An operating strategy aimed at minimizing the energy consumption during the filtration phase of dead-end membrane filtration has been formulated. A method allowing fast calculation of trajectories is used to allow incorporation in a hierarchical optimization scheme. The optimal trajectory can be approximated closely by constant power filtration, which allows robust implementation of the optimal strategy. Under typical conditions, the relative saving in energy, is small compared to constant flux (0.1%) or constant pressure filtration (4.1%).