Long-term study of Mkn 421 with the HAGAR Array of Telescopes

被引:41
作者
Sinha, A. [1 ]
Shukla, A. [1 ,4 ]
Saha, L. [1 ,5 ]
Acharya, B. S. [1 ]
Anupama, G. C. [2 ]
Bhattacharjee, P. [3 ]
Britto, R. J. [1 ,6 ]
Chitnis, V. R. [1 ]
Prabhu, T. P. [2 ]
Singh, B. B. [1 ]
Vishwanath, P. R. [2 ]
机构
[1] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India
[2] Indian Inst Astrophys, 2 Block, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
[3] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF, Kolkata 700064, India
[4] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
[5] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-87100 Torun, Poland
[6] Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
关键词
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; gamma rays: galaxies; BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mkn 421; galaxies:active; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; BL-LAC OBJECTS; TEV BLAZAR MARKARIAN-421; X-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT CURVES; CORRELATED VARIABILITY; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; FLARING ACTIVITY;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201628152
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Context. The HAGAR Telescope Array at Hanle, Ladakh has been regularly monitoring the nearby blazar Mkn 421 for the past seven years. Aims. Blazars show flux variability in all timescales across the electromagnetic spectrum. While there is abundant literature characterizing the short-term flares from different blazars, comparatively little work has been carried out to study the long-term variability. We aim to study the long-term temporal and spectral variability in the radiation from Mkn 421 during 2009-2015. Methods. We quantify the variability and lognormality from the radio to very high-energy (VHE) bands, and compute the correlations between various wavebands using the z-transformed discrete correlation function. We construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) contemporaneous with HAGAR observation seasons and fit this SED with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model to study the spectral variability. Results. The flux is found to be highly variable across all timescales. The variability is energy dependant and is maximum in the X-ray and VHE bands. A strong correlation is found between the Fermi-LAT (gamma) and radio bands and between Fermi-LAT and optical, but no correlation is found between Fermi-LAT and X-ray. Lognormality in the flux distribution is clearly detected. This is the third blazar, following BL Lac and PKS 2155+304 to show this behaviour. The SED can be well fit by a one-zone SSC model, and variations in the flux states can be attributed mainly to changes in the particle distribution. A strong correlation is seen between the break energy gamma(b) of the particle spectrum and the total bolometric luminosity.
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页数:12
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