Experiences of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a scoping review

Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide, and are associated with an increased risk of recurrence and future cardiovascular disease. HDP affect women's health condition, mode of birth and timing, length of hospital stay, and relationship with their newborn and family, with future life repercussions. Aims To explore the experiences of women with HDP from pregnancy to postpartum, and to identify (a) their perceptions and understanding of HDP, (b) their understanding of future health risks, and (c) the possible interventions by healthcare providers. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute method and in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The following databases were searched from 1990 to 2020 (October): MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar database. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used as a guide for the qualitative analysis. Content analysis and synthesis of findings were conducted using Nvivo12. Results Of the 1971 articles identified through database searching, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. After data extraction, content analysis yielded six categories: 'Life-threatening disorder', 'Coping with HDP', 'Concerns for baby and challenges of motherhood', 'Fear of recurrence and health problems', 'Necessity of social and spiritual support', and 'Positive and negative experiences in the healthcare context'. Women faced complex difficulties from the long treatment process while transitioning to motherhood. Conclusion Our findings revealed the perceptions and understanding of women regarding HDP as a life-threatening disorder to both mothers and their babies which mothers need to cope with. Recovery of physical condition and the long-term psychological effects of HDP on women should be given attention by mothers and HCP to reduce future health risks. Importantly, a lifelong follow-up system is recommended for women with HDP.