Comparison of the Antiviral Effects of Different Nucleos(t)ide Analogues in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Head-to-Head Study

Background/Aims: To assess the antiviral efficacy of lamivudine (LAM), entecavir (ETV), telbivudine (LDT), and lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil (CLA) combination in previously untreated hepatitis B patients at different time points during a 52-week treatment period. Patients and Methods: A total of 164 patients were included in this prospective, open-label, head-to-head study. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were measured at baseline, and at 12, 24, and 52 weeks of treatment. Results: Median reductions in serum HBV DNA levels at 52 weeks (log(10) copies/mL) were as follows: LAM, 3.98; ETV, 3.89; LDT, 4.11; and CLA, 3.36. The corresponding HBV DNA undetectability rates were 83%, 96%, 91%, and 89%, respectively. These two measures showed no significant intergroup differences. Clinical efficacy appeared related to HBV DNA level reduction after 24 weeks of therapy. Patients were divided into three groups based on HBV DNA levels at week 24: Undetectable (< 10(3) copies/mL), detectable but < 10(4) copies/mL, and > 10(4) copies/mL. Patients with levels below quantitation limit (QL) were analyzed at 52 weeks for HBV DNA undetectability rate (94%), ALT normalization rate (83%), and viral breakthrough rate (0%). The corresponding values in the QL-10(4) copies/mL group were 50%, 75%, and 13%, whereas those in the above 10(4) copies/mL group were 53%, 65%, and 18%. There were significant differences at week 52 for HBV DNA levels and viral breakthrough rate between the three groups. Conclusions: Different nucleos(t)ide (NUC) analogues tested exhibited no significant differences in effectiveness for Chinese NUC-naive HBV patients during 1-year treatment period.