The effect of anesthetic agents on intraocular pressure during laparoscopic gynecological surgery performed in the Trendelenburg position: A randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Intraocular pressure (IOP) increases due to pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position during laparo-scopic surgery. Apart from ketamine and suxamethonium, anesthetic agents generally reduce IOP by various extents. The present study investigated the effects of combinations of four anesthetic agents on IOP during laparoscopic gynecological surgery. METHODS: Patients (n=100) were assigned to one of the four groups: Group 1 (n=25; pentothal induction + desflurane/remifen-tanil maintenance), Group 2 (n=25; propofol induction + sevoflurane/remifentanil maintenance), Group 3 (n=25; propofol induction + desflurane/remifentanil maintenance), and Group 4 (n=25; pentothal induction + sevoflurane/remifentanil maintenance). The IOPs recorded before anesthesia induction, after intubation, after carbon dioxide insufflation, in the Trendelenburg position, and after ex-tubation were compared among the groups. Hemodynamic parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS: Induction in Group 2 and Group 3 used propofol. When the IOP in the Trendelenburg position was compared with the IOP before induction, there was no statistically significant difference in Groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). In Groups 1 and 4, pentothal was used for induction. The IOP in Groups 1 and 4 was statistically significantly higher in the Trendelenburg position than it was before induction (0.027-0.001). CONCLUSION: To minimize the variation in IOP in the Trendelenburg position during laparoscopic gynecological surgeries, we recommend the use of propofol for induction, independent of desflurane or sevoflurane use.