Systematic development of transmission line models for interconnects with frequency-dependent losses

This paper presents a systematic methodology for the development of transmission line models for interconnects with frequency-dependent per-unit-length parameters. The proposed methodology is such that a variety of models can be developed for use either in frequency-domain or time-domain simulation of signal propagation in the interconnects. The models derived make no assumption about the frequency dependence of the elements (both diagonal and off-diagonal) of the per-unit-length inductance and resistance matrices. Furthermore, their form is such that model order reduction can be effected using a variety of state-of-the-art methodologies.